Why it matters
During accumulation, earnings grow tax deferred, which means taxes are due when money is withdrawn. The length depends on the owner's goals and the contract terms. A surrender period may overlap this phase. When the phase ends, the owner can annuitize, take withdrawals, or move to another contract. Withdrawals before age 59 and a half may bring a federal tax penalty. Rules on contributions and options vary by carrier and contract type.
Source: investor.gov
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